What physiological effect do stimulants generally have on heart rate?

Stimulants are known for their ability to increase the activity of the central nervous system, which typically results in a range of physiological changes in the body. One of the hallmark effects of these substances is an elevation in heart rate. When stimulants are consumed, they can enhance the release of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and epinephrine. This activation leads to increased cardiac output, elevated blood pressure, and a higher heart rate.

Understanding this effect is important in various contexts, such as understanding the potential impact of stimulants in scenarios like law enforcement, where individuals may experience changes in heart rate under stress or after stimulant use. The increase in heart rate is a key indicator of how stimulants can affect the body's autonomic functions, which is relevant for assessing someone's physical state in various operational situations.